Antonio Costa Pinto is a professor of politics and contemporary European history at the Institute of Social Science, University of Lisbon. He has been a Visiting Professor at Stanford University (1993), and a Senior Visiting Fellow at Princeton University (1996) and at the University of California, Berkeley (2010). He is the author of The Blue Shirts (2000); and recently edited Ruling Elites and Decision-Making in Fascist Era Dictatorships (2009); and Rethinking the Nature of Fascism 2010).